MDU B.Tech result 2012 : B.Tech Result 2012 Declared MDU : MDU B.Tech Result Online 2012

Update : Friends your wait going to be end now days because the result for btech all sem result now ready and Mdu still waiting to publish out this result. So you will get your result soon from the below given link or from further official link.

Now days Maharshi Dayanand University going to declare the result for B.TECH all semester wise result 2012. As we know that the exam were held in the December 2011 and the Result will prepared by MDU.

All the students can check their result from the subscribed link below. For further more details about their result the students can contact to admin block of MDU. If their will be any correction by mdu in the result BTECH 2012, their correction will be correct by them.

So please follow the given link below for MDU B.Tech result 2012.

Click Here : B.TECH Result 2012 Declared by MDU

top-10-ways-how-hackers-can-hack

1. Facebook Phishing





Phishing still is the most popular attack vector used for hacking facebook accounts, There are variety of methods to carry out phishing attack, In a simple phishing attacks a hacker creates a fake login page which exactly looks like the real facebook page and then asks the victim to login into that page, Once the victim logins through the fake page the victims "Email Address" and "Password" is stored in to a text file, The hacker then downloads the text file and get's his hands on the victims credentials.






2. Keylogging


Keylogging, according to me is the easiest way to hack a facebook password, Keyloggingsometimes can be so dangerous that even a person with good knowledge of computers can fall for it. A keylogger is basically a small program which once is installed on victims computer will record every thing which victim types on his/her computer. The logs are then send back to the attacker by either FTP or directly to hackers email address. I have dedicated a half of my newsest book "An introduction to keyloggers, RATS And Malware" to this topic.


3. Stealers







Mobile phone hack
Create a website
Call free international
Free international calls

Almost 80% percent people use stored passwords in their browser to access the facebook, This is is quite convenient but can sometimes be extremely dangerous, Stealers are software's specially designed to capture the saved passwords stored in the victims browser, Stealers once FUD can be extremely powerful. If you want to how stealers work and how you can set up your own one?, Kindly refer the book above.


4. Session Hijacking






Session Hijacking can be often very dangerous if you are accessing Facebook on a http:// connection, In a Session Hijacking attack a hacker steals the victims browser cookie which is used to authenticate a user on a website and uses to it to access victims account, Session hijacking is widely used on Lan's. I have already written a three part series on How session hijacking works? and also a separate post on Facebook session hijacking.



5. Sidejacking With Firesheep




Sidejacking attack went common in late 2010, however it's still popular now a days, Firesheep is widely used to carry out sidejacking attacks, Firesheep only works when the attacker and victim is on the same wifi network. A sidejacking attack is basically another name for http session hijacking, but it's more targeted towards wifi users.





6. Mobile Phone Hacking



Millions of Facebook users access Facebook through their mobile phones. In case the hacker can gain access to the victims mobile phone then he can probably gain access to his/her Facebook account. Their are lots of Mobile Spying softwares used to monitor a Cellphone.

The most popular Mobile Phone Spying softwares are:

1. Mobile Spy
2. Spy Phone Gold





7. DNS Spoofing


If both the victim and attacker are on the same network, an attacker can use a DNS spoofing attack and change the original facebook.com page to his own fake page and hence can get access to victims facebook account.




8. USB Hacking

If an attacker has physical access to your computer, he could just insert a USB programmed with a function to automatically extract saved passwords in the browser.

9. Man In the Middle Attacks

If the victim and attacker are on the same lan and on a switch based network, A hacker can place himself b/w the client and the server or he could also act as a default gateway and hence capturing all the traffic in between, ARP Poisoning which is the other name for man in the middle attacks is a very broad topic and is beyond the scope of this article,

If you are really interested in learning how man in the middle attacks, you can view the presentation below by oxid.it.

10. Botnets



Botnets are not commonly used for hacking facebook accounts, because of it's high setup costs, They are used to carry more advanced attacks, A botnet is basically a collection of compromised computer, The infection process is same as the keylogging, however a botnet gives you, additional options in for carrying out attacks with the compromised computer. Some of the most popular botnets include Spyeye and Zeus.




Hope you have enjoyed reading the post as much i did while writing.

Copyright © 2012 Democratic Hackers |

Login Multiple Facebook Accounts At the Same Time

If you have got two or even multiple Facebook accounts you might be at loss at how to open and manage them at the same time on the same computer and from the same browser such as Internet Explorer, Google Chrome or Firefox! . However, as far as Facebook is concerned, the solution is pretty simple and straightforward as it doesn’t require any special application or software. All you will have to do is use your favorite browser, a nice addon and login your Facebook account right away! Yes, I know that normally Facebook doesn’t allow you to use two accounts on the same browser, for example. But thanks to a nice workaround you will be able to trick Facebook into thinking that you are using only a profile!
Firefox

Right-click Firefox icon on your desktop.
Click Properties.
At the end of the Firefox Target, add the following code at the end of tha path: -profilemanager -no-remote . You will get something like this: “C:\Program Files\Mozilla Firefox\firefox.exe” -profilemanager -no-remote
Click OK.
Next time you will open Firefox, you will get a new box. Right there you will be able to create and open new accounts, as many as you wish!

Trace IP Adress during chat:

Trace IP Adress during chat:




1) First Just invite or ping that User for a chat Then open ‘Command Prompt‘ on your PC (Start –>

Run –>cmd).

Note: Before trying this make sure you close all the other tabs in your browser. and only any of the Chat Service is open. Also if possible delete all the history and cache from your browser.




2) When command prompt opens Type the following command and hit Enter.

netstat -an

And you will get all established connections IP addresses there. Note down all the suspicious IP’s.




3) Now Trace that user using his IP address.Go to This Link : http://www.ip-adress.com/ip_tracer and paste the IP address in the box As Shown Below in Image. And It will show you the location of the user.




It will show you all the information about that user along with ISP and a Location in the MAP.

Now in the MAP Just click on “click for big ip address location” in the big picture you can actually zoom in. and try to recognize the area.

IP Address | IP Address Tracer | IP-Adress.com

www.ip-adress.com

With this free IP address tracer from IP-Adress.com, you can get detailed information on any IP address in the world.

IP Address | IP Address Tracer | IP-Adress.com

www.ip-adress.com

With this free IP address tracer from IP-Adress.com, you can get detailed information on any IP address in the world.

How Webcams Work

by Marshall Brain
If you have been exploring the Web for any length of time, then you have run across any number of Webcams in your travels. Webcams range from the silly to the serious -- a Webcam might point at a coffee pot or a space shuttle launch pad. There are business cams, personal cams, private cams, traffic cams... you name it and there's probably a Webcam pointed at it!
Have you ever considered setting up a Webcam yourself? You might want to create a silly cam by pointing it at your hamster or putting it inside your refrigerator. But it turns out there are lots of productive uses for Webcams, too. For example:
• You will be out of town for a week and you want to keep an eye on your house plants.
• You'd like to be able to check on the baby sitter and make sure everything is okay while you are at work.
• You'd like to know what your dog does in the back yard all day long.
• You want to let the grandparents watch the new baby during nap time.
If there is something that you would like to monitor remotely, a Webcam makes it easy!
In this article, we will look at the steps you can take to put up your own simple Web camera.
The Basic Idea Webcams, like most things, range from simple to complex. Let's start with simple.
A simple Webcam consists of a digital camera attached to your computer. Cameras like these have dropped well below $100 and they are easy to connect through a USB port (earlier cameras connected through a dedicated card or the parallel port). A piece of software connects to the camera and grabs a frame from it periodically. For example, the software might grab a still image from the camera once every 30 seconds. The software then turns that image into a normal JPG file and uploads it to your Web server. The JPG image can be placed on any Web page (for information on creating Web pages and adding JPG images, see How Web Pages Work).
If you don't have a Web server, several companies (like the makers of Webcam32) now offer you a free place to upload your images, saving you the trouble of having to set up and maintain a Web server or a hosted Web site.
This is the simplest possible Webcam. Putting a standard JPG image into a standard Web page is straightforward, but it has the disadvantage that your readers must manually refresh the image. Using a meta tag, a JavaScript function or a Java applet, it is possible to create a system that automatically refreshes the image for your readers.
What You Need In order for you to create a simple Webcam, you need three things:
1. A camera of some sort connected to your computer
2. A piece of software that can grab a frame from the camera periodically
3. A Web server
For some people, their home computer serves as their Web server. If that's the case, these three things are all that you need. If your Web server is hosted elsewhere (for example, because you are
paying an ASP to host your Web server), you also need:
4. The ability to move frames from your computer to the Web server, normally by File Transfer Protocol (FTP), although several other protocols are gaining favor as well. For most Web servers, this is no problem; but occasionally, a hosting company will have policies in place that make this difficult.
5. A relatively consistent connection between your computer and the Internet. A modem connection to an ISP is fine if it is something that you keep connected most of the time. This implies that you have a dedicated phone line for your computer or something like a cable modem that is connected all the time.
As mentioned previously, several companies (like the makers of Webcam32, who have a feature called AutoCam) now offer you a free place to upload your images. By using one of these services, you avoid having to host and/or maintain your own Web site. If you are using one of these services, then you need:
1. A camera of some sort connected to your computer
2. A piece of software that can grab a frame from the camera periodically
3. A relatively consistent connection between your computer and the Internet.
If your connection is not consistent, it won't hurt anything. It just means that the image cannot refresh itself all the time.
Putting it All Together In order to experiment with Webcams and go through the process of setting one up, HowStuffWorks got itself a Webcam. To set it up, here is what we did:
1. We went down to the local computer warehouse and bought the Intel PC Camera Pro Pack (USB).
2. We installed the software for the camera on a Windows 98 machine. This took two tries, and we learned that it is important to turn off the virus-checking software and do a fresh reboot before installing.
3. We went to the Web site www.webcam32.com and downloaded a program called Webcam32. This is a popular software package for Webcams. Webcam32 grabs pictures from the camera and uploads them to a Web server. You can get a free demo version or pay $25 for the full version. I paid $25 for a registered copy. (The complete user's manual for this product is available on the Web site -- it offers a nice suite of features.)
4. We installed Webcam32. It was a very easy installation.
5. After entering the address of the FTP site and a couple of other pieces of information, the HowStuffWorks Webcam showed its first signs of life!
6. We pointed the camera out the window.
7. We then tuned the software a bit to reduce the file size of the images and to enable the temporary-file copying feature.
There are many different features you can experiment with in Webcam32: streaming video, chat, captions, AVI files and different resolutions and compression ratios, to name a few. Webcam32 also supports the AutoCam feature, which allows you to create a Web page for your Webcam for free on their server. The software makes it simple.
As you can see, setting up a simple Webcam is extremely easy! If nothing else, the setup described here is a fun, inexpensive and simple way to experiment with a Webcam and see what you can do
with one of your own!
Automatic Refreshing The HowStuffWorks Webcam image on this page is a static image, and readers have to refresh the image manually (by pushing the Refresh button in the browser) if they want to see any changes. There are three different techniques you can use to create automatic refreshing:
• You can add a meta tag to the HTML for the page so that the page refreshes at some frequency. The tag to add is:
<meta http-equiv="refresh" content="30">
The "30" is the number of seconds between each refresh and can be set to anything you like. The entire page will reload every 30 seconds, so it is beneficial to keep the page short.
• You can add a Java applet to your site. The Webcam32 Online Help page explains how to obtain and install the free applet. The applet is a program that automatically fetches the image periodically. The advantage is that only the image refreshes, not the entire page. Most browsers support Java applets, so most of your readers will have no problem.
• You can use JavaScript, as demonstrated on this pagefrom JavaScript.Internet.com (look at the source code on this page). You can also check out How Java Works for a detailed look at Java programming.
External Webcams One problem with using a camera hooked to a computer via a USB cable is the limited cable length. What if the room you want to capture is at the other end of the house, or outside? In that case, you need to purchase a camera like the Intel PC Camera Pro Pack (USB), which has an external video jack. You have two options when choosing an external camera:
• You can place a standard camera anywhere in the house and run a video cable with RCA jacks on it from the camera to the computer. There are all sorts of places on the Web that sell small pinhole video cameras, either on their own or embedded in things like clocks and smoke detectors. You can find small security cameras priced between $100 and $200. This page from Amazon.com shows a few of the ones you can choose from.
• You can avoid the cable by using a radio link. This page has an example.
Monitoring is only one of the things you can do with your Webcam. There are any number of ways to make use of a camera that's connected to your computer. You can even get software that will let you make video phone calls!

How Bits and Bytes Work

by Marshall Brain

If you have used a computer for more than five minutes, then you have heard the words bits and bytes. Both RAM and hard disk capacities are measured in bytes, as are file sizes when you examine them in a file viewer.

You might hear an advertisement that says, "This computer has a 32-bit Pentium processor with 64 megabytes of RAM and 2.1 gigabytes of hard disk space." And many HowStuffWorks articles talk about bytes (for example, How CDs Work). In this article, we will discuss bits and bytes so that you have a complete understanding.

Decimal Numbers The easiest way to understand bits is to compare them to something you know: digits. A digit is a single place that can hold numerical values between 0 and 9. Digits are normally combined together in groups to create larger numbers. For example, 6,357 has four digits. It is understood that in the number 6,357, the 7 is filling the "1s place," while the 5 is filling the 10s place, the 3 is filling the 100s place and the 6 is filling the 1,000s place. So you could express things this way if you wanted to be explicit:

(6 * 1000) + (3 * 100) + (5 * 10) + (7 * 1) = 6000 + 300 + 50 + 7 = 6357

Another way to express it would be to use powers of 10. Assuming that we are going to represent the concept of "raised to the power of" with the "^" symbol (so "10 squared" is written as "10^2"), another way to express it is like this:

(6 * 10^3) + (3 * 10^2) + (5 * 10^1) + (7 * 10^0) = 6000 + 300 + 50 + 7 = 6357

What you can see from this expression is that each digit is a placeholder for the next higher power of 10, starting in the first digit with 10 raised to the power of zero.

That should all feel pretty comfortable -- we work with decimal digits every day. The neat thing about number systems is that there is nothing that forces you to have 10 different values in a digit. Our base-10 number system likely grew up because we have 10 fingers, but if we happened to evolve to have eight fingers instead, we would probably have a base-8 number system. You can have base-anything number systems. In fact, there are lots of good reasons to use different bases in different situations.

Bits Computers happen to operate using the base-2 number system, also known as the binary number system (just like the base-10 number system is known as the decimal number system). The reason computers use the base-2 system is because it makes it a lot easier to implement them with current electronic technology. You could wire up and build computers that operate in base-10, but they would be fiendishly expensive right now. On the other hand, base-2 computers are relatively cheap.

So computers use binary numbers, and therefore use binary digits in place of decimal digits. The word bit is a shortening of the words "Binary digIT." Whereas decimal digits have 10 possible values ranging from 0 to 9, bits have only two possible values: 0 and 1. Therefore, a binary number is composed of only 0s and 1s, like this: 1011. How do you figure out what the value of

the binary number 1011 is? You do it in the same way we did it above for 6357, but you use a base of 2 instead of a base of 10. So:

(1 * 2^3) + (0 * 2^2) + (1 * 2^1) + (1 * 2^0) = 8 + 0 + 2 + 1 = 11

You can see that in binary numbers, each bit holds the value of increasing powers of 2. That makes counting in binary pretty easy. Starting at zero and going through 20, counting in decimal and binary looks like this:

0 = 0

1 = 1

2 = 10

3 = 11

4 = 100

5 = 101

6 = 110

7 = 111

8 = 1000

9 = 1001

10 = 1010

11 = 1011

12 = 1100

13 = 1101

14 = 1110

15 = 1111

16 = 10000

17 = 10001

18 = 10010

19 = 10011

20 = 10100

When you look at this sequence, 0 and 1 are the same for decimal and binary number systems. At the number 2, you see carrying first take place in the binary system. If a bit is 1, and you add 1 to it, the bit becomes 0 and the next bit becomes 1. In the transition from 15 to 16 this effect roles over through 4 bits, turning 1111 into 10000.

Bytes Bits are rarely seen alone in computers. They are almost always bundled together into 8-bit collections, and these collections are called bytes. Why are there 8 bits in a byte? A similar question is, "Why are there 12 eggs in a dozen?" The 8-bit byte is something that people settled on through trial and error over the past 50 years.

With 8 bits in a byte, you can represent 256 values ranging from 0 to 255, as shown here:

0 = 00000000

1 = 00000001

2 = 00000010

...

254 = 11111110

255 = 11111111

In the article How CDs Work, you learn that a CD uses 2 bytes, or 16 bits, per sample. That gives each sample a range from 0 to 65,535, like this:

0 = 0000000000000000

1 = 0000000000000001

2 = 0000000000000010

...

65534 = 1111111111111110

65535 = 1111111111111111

Bytes are frequently used to hold individual characters in a text document. In the ASCII character set, each binary value between 0 and 127 is given a specific character. Most computers extend the ASCII character set to use the full range of 256 characters available in a byte. The upper 128 characters handle special things like accented characters from common foreign languages.

You can see the 127 standard ASCII codes below. Computers store text documents, both on diskand in memory, using these codes. For example, if you use Notepad in Windows 95/98 to create a text file containing the words, "Four score and seven years ago," Notepad would use 1 byte of memory per character (including 1 byte for each space character between the words -- ASCII character 32). When Notepad stores the sentence in a file on disk, the file will also contain 1 byte per character and per space.

Try this experiment: Open up a new file in Notepad and insert the sentence, "Four score and seven years ago" in it. Save the file to disk under the name getty.txt. Then use the explorer and look at the size of the file. You will find that the file has a size of 30 bytes on disk: 1 byte for each character. If you add another word to the end of the sentence and re-save it, the file size will jump to the appropriate number of bytes. Each character consumes a byte.

If you were to look at the file as a computer looks at it, you would find that each byte contains not a letter but a number --the number is the ASCII code corresponding to the character (see below). So on disk, the numbers for the file look like this:

F o u r a n d s e v e n

70 111 117 114 32 97 110 100 32 115 101 118 101 110

By looking in the ASCII table, you can see a one-to-one correspondence between each character and the ASCII code used. Note the use of 32 for a space -- 32 is the ASCII code for a space. We could expand these decimal numbers out to binary numbers (so 32 = 00100000) if we wanted to be technically correct -- that is how the computer really deals with things.

Standard ASCII Character Set The first 32 values (0 through 31) are codes for things like carriage return and line feed. The space character is the 33rd value, followed by punctuation, digits, uppercase characters and lowercase characters.

0 NUL

1 SOH

2 STX

3 ETX

4 EOT

5 ENQ

6 ACK

7 BEL

8 BS

9 TAB

10 LF

11 VT

12 FF

13 CR

14 SO

15 SI

16 DLE

17 DC1

18 DC2

19 DC3

20 DC4

21 NAK

22 SYN

23 ETB

24 CAN

25 EM

26 SUB

27 ESC

28 FS

29 GS

30 RS

31 US

32

33 !

34 "

35 #

36 $

37 %

38 &

39 '

40 (

41 )

42 *

43 +

44 ,

45 -

46 .

47 /

48 0

49 1

50 2

51 3

52 4

53 5

54 6

55 7

56 8

57 9

58 :

59 ;

60 <

61 =

62 >

63 ?

64 @

65 A

66 B

67 C

68 D

69 E

70 F

71 G

72 H

73 I

74 J

75 K

76 L

77 M

78 N

79 O

80 P

81 Q

82 R

83 S

84 T

85 U

86 V

87 W

88 X

89 Y

90 Z

91 [

92 \

93 ]

94 ^

95 _

96 `

97 a

98 b

99 c

100 d

101 e

102 f

103 g

104 h

105 i

106 j

107 k

108 l

109 m

110 n

111 o

112 p

113 q

114 r

115 s

116 t

117 u

118 v

119 w

120 x

121 y

122 z

123 {

124 |

125 }

126 ~

127 DEL

Lots of Bytes When you start talking about lots of bytes, you get into prefixes like kilo, mega and giga, as in kilobyte, megabyte and gigabyte (also shortened to K, M and G, as in Kbytes, Mbytes and Gbytes or KB, MB and GB). The following table shows the multipliers:

Name

Abbr.

Size

Kilo

K

2^10 = 1,024

Mega

M

2^20 = 1,048,576

Giga

G

2^30 = 1,073,741,824

Tera

T

2^40 = 1,099,511,627,776

Peta

P

2^50 = 1,125,899,906,842,624

Exa

E

2^60 = 1,152,921,504,606,846,976

Zetta

Z

2^70 = 1,180,591,620,717,411,303,424

Yotta

Y

2^80 = 1,208,925,819,614,629,174,706,176

You can see in this chart that kilo is about a thousand, mega is about a million, giga is about a billion, and so on. So when someone says, "This computer has a 2 gig hard drive," what he or she means is that the hard drive stores 2 gigabytes, or approximately 2 billion bytes, or exactly 2,147,483,648 bytes. How could you possibly need 2 gigabytes of space? When you consider that one CD holds 650 megabytes, you can see that just three CDs worth of data will fill the whole thing! Terabyte databases are fairly common these days, and there are probably a few petabyte databases floating around the Pentagon by now.

Binary Math Binary math works just like decimal math, except that the value of each bit can be only 0 or 1. To get a feel for binary math, let's start with decimal addition and see how it works. Assume that we want to add 452 and 751:

452

+ 751

---

1203

To add these two numbers together, you start at the right: 2 + 1 = 3. No problem. Next, 5 + 5 = 10, so you save the zero and carry the 1 over to the next place. Next, 4 + 7 + 1 (because of the carry) = 12, so you save the 2 and carry the 1. Finally, 0 + 0 + 1 = 1. So the answer is 1203.

Binary addition works exactly the same way:

010

+ 111

---

1001

Starting at the right, 0 + 1 = 1 for the first digit. No carrying there. You've got 1 + 1 = 10 for the second digit, so save the 0 and carry the 1. For the third digit, 0 + 1 + 1 = 10, so save the zero and carry the 1. For the last digit, 0 + 0 + 1 = 1. So the answer is 1001. If you translate everything over to decimal you can see it is correct: 2 + 7 = 9.

To see how boolean addition is implemented using gates, see How Boolean Logic Works.

Quick Recap

• Bits are binary digits. A bit can hold the value 0 or 1.

• Bytes are made up of 8 bits each.

• Binary math works just like decimal math, but each bit can have a value of only 0 or 1.

There really is nothing more to it -- bits and bytes are that simple!

How 3-D PC Glasses Work

by Shane Speck
Only a few years ago, seeing in 3-D meant peering through a pair of red-and-blue glasses, or trying not to go cross-eyed in front of a page of fuzzy dots. It was great at the time, but 3-D technology has moved on. Scientists know more about how our vision works than ever before, and our computers are more powerful than ever before -- most of us have sophisticated components in our computer that are dedicated to producing realistic graphics. Put those two things together, and you'll see how 3-D graphics have really begun to take off.
Most computer users are familiar with 3-D games. Back in the '90s, computer enthusiasts were stunned by the game Castle Wolfenstein 3D, which took place in a maze-like castle. It may have been constructed from blocky tiles, but the castle existed in three dimensions -- you could move forward and backward, or hold down the appropriate key and see your viewpoint spin through 360 degrees. Back then, it was revolutionary and quite amazing. Nowadays, gamers enjoy ever more complicated graphics -- smooth, three-dimensional environments complete with realistic lighting and complex simulations of real-life physics grace our screens. But that's the problem -- the screen. The game itself may be in three dimensions, and the player may be able to look wherever he wants with complete freedom, but at the end of the day the picture is displayed on a computer monitor...and that's a flat surface.
That's where PC 3-D glasses come in. They're designed to convince your brain that your monitor is showing a real, three-dimensional object. In order to understand quite how this works, we need to know what sort of work our brain does with the information our eyes give it. Once we know about that, we'll be able to understand just how 3-D glasses do their job.
Seeing in Three Dimensions Human beings, like most other creatures, are equipped with two eyes, situated close together and side by side. This positioning means that each eye has a view of the same area from a slightly different angle. You can check this out by focusing on a distant object and viewing through each eye alternately -- see how some things seem to change position slightly?
The brain takes the information from each eye and unites them into one picture, interpreting the slight differences between each view as depth. This produces a three-dimensional picture: one with height, width and depth.
Photo courtesy Amazon.com E-Dimensional Wireless E-D Glasses eDimensional, E-D and the eDimensional logos are registered trademarks of eDimensional, Inc. in the U.S. and other countries.
It is the added perception of depth that makes 3-D, or stereoscopic, vision so important. With
stereoscopic vision, we see exactly where our surroundings are in relation to our own bodies,
usually with considerable precision. We are particularly good at spotting objects that are moving
toward or away from us, and the positioning of our eyes means we can see partially around solid
objects without needing to move our heads. It's easy to see why some people believe
stereoscopic vision evolved as a means of survival.
Certainly, stereoscopic vision is vital for seemingly simple actions such as throwing, catching or
hitting a ball, driving or parking a car, or even just threading a needle. That's not to say such
tasks can't be managed without 3-D vision, but a lack of depth perception can make these
everyday tasks much more complex.
A Different Point Of View
The key to stereoscopic vision is depth, and our brain will
happily take care of that for us, providing our eyes are given the
right information in the first place. This is exactly how those redand-
blue glasses work -- each color filters out part of the image,
giving each eye a slightly different view. The brain puts the two
different images together, and those blue-and-red blurry
images turned into a fantastic 3-D comic, or movie, or TV show.
Stereograms, also known as Magic Eye pictures, use
seemingly-random patterns of dots but rely on the viewer to cross his eyes in just the right way, or
to look through the image until the eyes see just the right part and allow the brain to decode the
hidden depth information.
Both methods have their disadvantages, of course -- the red-and-blue glasses make it difficult to
show color in the 3-D image, and viewing stereograms is an art in itself. Neither method is entirely suitable for playing games.
Nevertheless, the underlying principle is exactly the same: creating and controlling those two different points of view. But just how easy is it to create these two separate images, one for each eye?
The answer is all about how games are created. Not so long ago, the graphics we saw on our computer screens were carefully drawn into the computer -- every single frame of animation, every different view of a character. If you wanted a dinosaur in your game, you sat down and drew the different views of a dinosaur into the computer.
Nowadays, games designers sit down with a 3-D graphics package and design their dinosaur in three dimensions. Once that's done, they needn't worry about the different views -- the computer has a 3-D model of the dinosaur in its memory, and the game simply works out where the player is looking and draws the correct view of the dinosaur using the 3-D model. In fact, everything you see on your screen in a modern 3-D game is produced the same way; the game is like a gigantic 3-D model. The computer works out what it needs to display on your screen and generates the appropriate view.
Since the computer is quite happy to create one point of view, there's no problem shifting the viewpoint slightly and creating another point of view. And after that, all you need is a way to get the correct image to the correct eye.
Getting Synched It's all down to the power of liquid crystal displays, or LCD. Just like the liquid crystal in a watch can be changed from transparent to black, the lenses of PC 3-D glasses can be transparent or opaque. In other words, the glasses can control which eye sees the image on the screen, and with careful timing you've got perfect 3-D. Here's how it happens:
1. The images are prepared by the computer and displayed.
Two images are generated, representing the views seen by each eye:
Both of these views are presented on the screen in rapid sequence:
2. While the left view is presented, the right eye is blocked by the LCD glasses. Similarly, when the right view is presented, the left eye is blocked.
All of this happens so quickly that the brain is entirely unaware of the two images merging together into a stereoscopic view. This is the same thing as when we watch a film using an old film projector and the sequence of still images flickering onto the screen merges together to form a movie.
A Brief History Of 3-D Glasses So, we've seen that although there might be something complex going on behind the scenes, with the right equipment we can just sit back and let our eyes do the work. Of course, the technology wasn't always so simple; there have, in fact, been four generations leading up to today's 3-D glasses.
The first generation modified the games themselves to make them compatible with stereoscopic 3-D. The games' creators had to specifically support each type of LCD glasses -- hardly an ideal situation. There was no guarantee that the glasses you'd bought would work with your favorite game. As you can imagine, that didn't appeal to many people; so a second solution was developed.
This second solution was to override the game, actually taking over the computer's screen and altering what was displayed. As far as the game was concerned, it was just doing what it normally did, except, of course, that some of the computer's time was taken up processing the image to make it 3-D. The result was slower performance and low-resolution, blocky images. It did work with hundreds of games, though, and that was a definite improvement.
The third generation worked in a similar way, modifying the graphics driver but also maintaining the resolution of the images -- no more blocky graphics! Unfortunately, it wasn't compatible with many games, though it was a definite forerunner to the 3-D glasses we have nowadays.
In the fourth-generation models, compatibility is high, the complicated work is done by the graphics card, and the lightweight LCD glasses flick so rapidly between the two images that all we see is crystal-clear, 3-D images.
So what's on the market? What should you look for? Let's find out...
Buying
Although the basic technology is the same, there is a range of different glasses out there. You'll find lightweight, wireless glasses, as well as more basic (and therefore cheaper) pairs. The view through the glasses depends more on your computer's graphics card than the make of glasses, but you will find that different manufacturers offer extra software or other minor incentives. The lesson is: Shop around! If you get the chance to try a pair out before buying, don't hesitate -- try to imagine wearing them for an hour of intensive gaming. You might want to put in the extra money for a slightly better model.
Bear in mind, too, that all glasses come with the standard video game warning concerning epilepsy, eye-strain and tiredness. If you generally find it difficult to cope with a standard flat monitor, you will definitely want to try out the glasses before you buy. Be wary also if you have an LCD flat-panel monitor, because current 3-D glasses don't work well with this kind of monitor. Be sure to check compatibility before you buy.
Check out exactly which kind of video card you have (manufacturer and model) and do a little bit of research before you make your purchase. The X-Force 3D Game Glasses, for example, will only work with nVidia video cards. Many glasses will work with various graphics cards, but the only way to tell for sure is to read the side of the box carefully.

Websites That Pays: List of 21 Get Paid To Blog Websites

If you are aiming at consistent and quickest way to make money from your blog, then you should look out for websites that pays to blog. Websites that pays to blog are those websites where you will be wring sponsored posts for advertisers. Websites that pays to blog or get paid to blog websites are marketplace for buying and selling paid reviews on top blogs in any niche. So get paid to blog websites work as a middleman between the potential advertisers and publishers.

Paid to blog websites are used by large as well as small bloggers to earn additional income from their self hosted and free blogs created on Blogger or WordPress type of content management systems best suited for managing blogs.

There are lots of companies who will be interested in paying you good amount of money for writing about their products and services on your b log. With most of get paid to blog websites, you will need a popular blog in its niche with good amount of traffic coming from search engines for targeted search terms. With paid to blog websites, you will have full control over the kind of paid reviews you actually want to accept on your blog and for what prices.

In every niche, there are some blogs, where advertisers want to see good words about their website products and services. And through paid blogging websites, they can achieve the same by paying a decent amount of money in exchange for positive or natural review about their services.

You will need to submit your best blogs on these networks to increase your chances of making money with them. Most popular websites that pays to blog accept only aged, frequently updated and high search engine traffic blog only. So once you are accepted by get paid to blog websites, you should check your account on these websites from time to time. Apart from this, you should have a Paypal account as most paid blogging websites send payments via Paypal to its publishers. With some paid to blog networks, you can ask for a check even. Amount of money you can think of making for every published review varies from $5 to $500 or even which depends upon your blog popularity and advertiser’s paying capacity.

If you are also one of those like me who believe get paid to blog websites can really help you in making great amount of income from your blog, here is the ultimate list of websites that pays to blog:

1. Sponsored Reviews

Sponsored Reviews is a marketplace for buying and selling paid reviews and is a win-win situation for both the advertiser and publisher. Publishers are able to earn some extra income for doing their regular blogging and advertisers are able to get benefit by spreading links and words about their websites and services on top blogs in their niche. Targeted links from top blogs in their niche help advertisers generate more traffic from search engines and thus more business inquiries and sales. Your blog should be 3 months old, indexed in major search engines and 10 high quality posts before you go for applying as a publisher with Sponsored Reviews website. Click here to know how to start making money writing paid reviews for Sponsored Reviews website.

2. LinkWorth

LinkWorth is a marketplace for buying and selling text links and paid reviews on blogs. Link Worth has 10’s of products that advertisers and publishers can use to get maximum benefit from their websites and blogs. Apart from writing reviews and selling links on blogs, publishers can earn extra income by sending quality advertisers to LinkWorth marketplace.

3. ReviewMe

Review Me is an active marketplace where publishers are paid good amount of money for writing reviews as per advertisers requirements. You should have an active and popular blog before you go for applying as a publisher with Review Me as they only accept popular blogs in their network. Chances of your blog being accepted into ReviewMe marketplace increase if it carries high page rank, alexa rankings, RSS subscribers etc.

4. Smorty

Write your views about publisher’s websites on your blog and get paid from advertisers. You will be paid at least $6 for every paid review you write for Smorty advertiser’s on your blog. In the past I had great success writing paid reviews for advertisers on this network. But recently it has gone a bit inactive. But since it’s one of websites that pays to blog, I’m including it in this list. You need to login into your Smorty account frequently to grap open money making opportunities. Once you have written and submitted a paid review for approval into Smorty, it takes 4-5 business days before approving your paid review. They used to send payments every week to eligible publishers into their Paypal accounts.

5. PayPerPost

Pay Per Post is one of most trusted get paid to blog websites where publishers are paid decent money for every review they publish for advertisers on their blogs. Your chances of making money with pay Per Post are huge if you have a blog having high page rank like 5 or 6. Your blog must have 3 months age, it should be in English and 20 quality posts in last three months before you went on to apply as a publisher with Pay Per Post blog marketing network.

6. BlogsVertise

Again you need to submit your best blog for approval in case you want to get approval into Blogsvertise network. Once accepted, you will start receiving get paid to blog opportunities directly into your inbox. We need to give at least three links to advertiser’s website in our review and our review length should be more than 100 words. We are supposed to complete each given task within five days after assigned to us. I himself had some success writing paid reviews for advertisers available on Blogsvertise website on my free blogs in the past.

7. LinkFromBlog

Best thing about Link From Blog website is that they don’t change any commission from publisher’s earnings. Advertisers can use various parameters like Alexa Ranking, Page Rank, domain page and backlinks count etc to find the blogs of their choice in their chosen categories. As a publisher, you can send invitation to all advertisers showing your interest of writing paid reviews for them. In response, advertisers can reject, accept or reply back with their counter offer for your invitation.

8. BuyBlogReviews

Buy Blog Reviews is a paid blogging network very similar to Sponsored Reviews website keeping in mind they also allows all bloggers to place bids all open opportunities. You can make any money from $5 to $100 for even more from each approved opportunity. They have been keeping a 70:30 revenue ratio with their publishers. They used to send payments twice a month via paypal to all eligible publishers.

9. Blogitive

Blogitive is another opportunity where we can earn some extra income by writing paid reviews on our blogs. You will be able to make $5 for each approved opportunity into your Blogitive account and the minimum word count that you need to write for each paid post on your blog is 100 words only. So $5 for writing 100 words is not a bad deal at all.

10. Teliad

Teliad is a text link buying and selling marketplace. Apart from text links selling, we can sell paid reviews on our blog to potential advertisers on Teliad. Recently, I himself had great some success writing paid reviews for advertisers available on this advertising network. I was able to get $60 plus for each paid review that I wrote for advertisers on this website.

11. BlogToProfit

Blog to Profit accepts blogs that provide unique and high quality content only. Your blog must be 2 months old and should be updated twice every week. Once a task has been assigned to a blogger blog, they need to submit the same in the next 5 days. In the absence of this, that task will be passed onto other bloggers. Bloggers need to write 150 plus words per paid review and they need to make sure, the paid review remain live on their website for the next one year at least.

12. LoudLaunch

Loud launch is a paid blogging network that potential advertisers are using to create buzz, traffic, backlinks, branding and search engine visibility for their website products and services. Working as a publisher, you need to have an active blog having 2 months minimum age and verified Paypal account.

13. Blogadvertisingstore

Advertisers are able to get better search engine rankings, targeted visitors and backlinks to their website by getting paid reviews on blogs of their choice through this blog advertising network. Bloggers are able to earn extra money from their blogs by writing paid posts for the open opportunities of their choice.

14. PayU2Blog

We need to have 3 months old blog at least while applying for a publisher account on PayU2Blog website. PayU2Blog team takes 2-3 business days before accepting or rejecting a new publisher application. They have advertisers from all major categories. So as a blogger, you will find some opportunities matching your blog niche. They send payments in every two week to the eligible publishers.

15. BloggingAds

Blogging Ads website gives us the opportunity to make money from our blogs by selling ad space and writing paid reviews for advertisers available on this paid to blog website. The average money you will be making while working as bloggers with Blogging Ads website is $5.

16. Bloggertizer

Blogger Tizer is another websites that pays us to post paid links and paid reviews on our blogs. So you will be making some money for every link or paid review that you publish on your blog through this paid blogging website.

17. ReviewStream

Review Stream website allows us to make some extra money by submitting our review on their website. You can make $1.50 or even more per submitted review depending upon your review quality and number of votes it’s generated. You are not supposed to use the same review on your blog as it may result in termination of your account from Review Stream network.

18. SoftwareJudge

We can make money in the range of $50 even for a good written review for the software’s that are mentioned on Software Judge Website. So we are supposed to write reviews about software’s that are available on this website.

19. Epinions

Epinions.com website pays real people for writing unbiased reviews about the products. We are supposed to write 20 words at least in our review to be eligible to get our review published on their website.

20. BlogDistributor

Advertisers use Blog Distributor paid network to get high rankings for their websites. When we as bloggers are linking to advertisers websites in our blog posts as per client request will help them in better search engine rankings and thus more business for them in the form of their products or services.

21. SocialSpark

Social Spark gives us the opportunity to make money from our blogs by writing about the advertiser’s products, services and their websites on our blog. For each opportunity that we receive from advertisers, we can reject it, accept it or can do further negotiation with the advertiser.

Top 10 Onpage SEO Factors That Really Matters

When you browse Internet to fulfill your thrust for various Onpage SEO Factors, you will find too many Onpage tips and lots of them don’t work in today’s search engine scenario. So in today’s post, I’m including top 10 Onpage SEO factors that you should give utmost importance that really works with Google latest algorithms.

Onpage Optimization is most difficult and most fruitful part when it comes about optimizing a website so that your website ranks well on major search engines for their targeted terms. Onpage elements make use of lots of HTML tags including Title tag, Meta tags, heading tags, image tags, bolds, italics, underline, list type tags etc. We need to make sure we are using the targeted keywords in a natural way in our website contents.

Presence of Mata Keyword tag has no influence on your website rankings as far as Google is concerned. So you can simply ignore that. So you need to be sure about the tips that you are implementing on your website and whether they are compatible with latest Google Algorithms or not.

1. Writing SEO Optimized Titles

If you are asked to work on only one Onpage SEO factor, this is the biggest Onpage SEO Factor you should pay special attention to. When writing your page titles, you should make sure you are including targeted keyword towards the beginning of your title. You should restrict your title within 65 to 70 characters only (including spaces). You should write a Title copy that people will find interesting enough to be clicked as that will help you get CTR in search engine result pages. If people don’t like your title content, they won’t click your website listing in search engine results even if you are rankings on top for your targeted keywords.

2. Write Engaging Meta Description

It’s very true, your meta description copy does not play any role in your website search engine rankings. But most of time, Google used to show up meta description data as part of your website listing description in search result pages. So writing a good meta description copy could help you get more clicks to your website even if your website is placed below your competitor website in search engine result pages.

3. Keyword Density

Keyword density is all about repeating the targeted keywords in your website contents. Keyword density is calculated on the basis of total number of times a keyword is used your web page content and divide it by total number of words in that page content. And then multiply the result with 100 to get your keyword density percentage. Suppose the targeted keyword Onpage SEO Factors is used 8 timers in page content and the total word count in that page is 400 words. So the keyword density for Onpage SEO Factors keyword in that web page will be 2%. Ideally you should try to limit your keyword density to 2 percent only.

4. Image Naming Convention

Your image names should be created keeping in your targeted keyword in mind. Apart from using your targeted keyword as part of image, you should add alternative text with each image used on your website pages. Again it will be beneficial if you could include your targeted keyword as part of your alternative text.

5. Linking to Trusted Domains

Then it’s about linking out to trusted domains only. Google maintains TrustRank for each website, which is calculated on the bases of whom you are linking and what kind of websites are linking to you. So whenever you link to external websites, make sure you link to websites and blogs having good TrustRank in the eyes of Google.

Linking out to your own website pages will help those pages better search engine rankings and high page rank value. When linking out to external websites, you need to make sure you are linking to high authority websites only.

6. Canonical URL’s

Canonicalization is all about deciding whether we want to use www version or non www version for your website home and internal pages. We need to be consistence with that and should go with only one version and later should be directed to the first. And when linking to our website pages, we should link using the preferred version. Suppose you have decided to use www version for your website pages, in this case, all non www version should be automatically redirect to their www versions. And when getting links for our website, we should make sure we are using www with our website URL’s.

7. Write High Quality Unique Contents

It should be considered as one of most important Onpage SEO Factor. When writing contents for your website, you need to make sure you are delivering high quality contents only and not copying all or fractions of your website contents from other popular websites and blogs on Internet. If you are doing so, you are making a blunder. After latest algorithmic change from Google in the form of Panda Update, Google has been very strict against use of duplicate or low value added contents. In the recent times, Google has lowered down the search engine rankings of lots of popular websites as they were delivering scrapped contents.

8. Use your Robots.txt file Smartly

We used to create a robots.txt file in your website root folder. Robots.txt file is basically used to block certain kind of content types from our website being indexed in search engines. We can use this file to block certain files, certain folders and specific URL patterns being crawled in search engines. With each websites, there will certain content type that we don’t want to show to search engines. And we fulfill that motive through robots.txt file.

9. Adding Contents on Frequent Basis

With this, you need to make sure you update your website with fresh contents on regular basis. Search engines love those websites that are updated on daily or weekly (at least) basis. So if you are running a website around certain products or services, you won’t see many changes in your products level. So what you can do is start writing blogs on your website around your products, services or things related to your niche that your website readers would be interested in reading about.

10. Cross Browser Compatibility

You need to make sure that your website is compatible with the most used versions of all modern browsers including Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, Internet Explorer, Safari, Opera and Netscape etc. Optimizing your website for these browsers will send pleasing experience for your website readers in browsers of their choice.

Onpage SEO is an ongoing process and thus you should keep on making changes to website at various levels. You cannot get top rankings in search engines without taking care of above Onpage SEO factors. So spend some time making the suggested changes on your website home and internal pages and wait for the new changes to be index in Google and other search engines. Once your latest Onpage SEO changes are indexed in search engines database, you may notice changes in your website rankings for its targeted keywords.